Natural Therapy of Fungal Nail Disease: Review

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue: 4

website: www.thepharmajournal.com

Author: Dr.Bharat parashar, Virendra yadav, Brajesh maurya, Love sharma

Abstract: Nails are the unique part of body, besides it’s a dead tissue it also have role in serving the human beauty. It protects the fingertip and tissues from injuries and also enhances the precise movements of distal digits, but it has also been cursed with many diseases and ailments including serious infections. Most common types are of Fungal or Yeast infections resulting in Onychomycosis and if it is left untreated, the nail plate may separate from the nail bed. Other infections include Paronychia, Tinea Unguis, and Pseudomonas bacterial infection. Different nail disorders are Onychatrophia resulting from injury, Leuconychia cause by trapping of tiny bubbles of air, Melanonychia known as nail moles and can be sometimes serious. For a physician physical appearance of nail is important which can reveals many disorders like Malnutrition, Liver disease, etc. Nail infections can be treated with natural products which are mainly Oregano oil, Lemongrass oil, Horopito. One of the latest and modern treatment to treat fungal infections of nails is Ozone treatment but it is not frequently used and quite costly. Like others body parts nails also required a good source of nutrients to maintain their complexions and healthiness, Vitamin A , Vitamin D and calcium help in maintaining moisture content of nails and avoid brittleness, Besides this Proteins and fatty acids like Linoleic acids are also essential.

Keyword: Nails, Fungal Infection ,Natural Treatment

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Pharmacological Treatment of Depression, Based On Survey in Different Hospitals and Clinics

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue: 4

website: www.thepharmajournal.com

Author: Bharat parashar, Virendra yadav,  Brajesh maurya, Love sharma

Abstract: Feeling down from time to time is a normal part of life but when emptiness and despair take hold and won’t go away, it may be depression - “living in a black hole” or having feeling of impending doom. Symptoms - you can’t sleep or you sleep too much, you can’t concentrate or find that previously easy tasks are now difficult, you feel hopeless and helpless, you can’t control your negative thoughts, no matter how much you try, you have lost your appetite or you can’t stop eating. Non-pharmacological treatment should involve exercise, psychotherapy, supplements and your pleasures, etc. Exercise has been found to be most effective treatment for depression and the minimum recommendation is three times per week for 20 minutes. Weekly psychotherapy and a check on your pleasures like coffee, alcohol, sugar and recreational drugs, and supplements like taking fish oil for omega-3, fatty acid daily, St. John’s Wort, and vitamins-B12, etc. Direct exposure to sunlight every day is very helpful, if not possible, a light box can bring a lot of relief. Regular human contact who enjoy the same things you do, challenge your thinking, good nutrition, yoga and meditation only for mild to moderate depression. Data collected from doctors shows that 60% of doctors have opinion that 35-60 years is common age group of depression, 50% doctors said that duration of therapy depends upon patient to patient, the root cause of depression is family reasons which is admitted by 70% of doctors. The most prescribed drugs for the treatment of depression are - Imipramine 40%, Fluoxetine 30%, most prescribed drugs in pregnancy are - Fluoxetine 60%, Sertraline 20%, most prescribed drugs in lactation - Fluoxetine 70%, Amitryptiline 20% and 90% of doctors suggested that only counseling is sufficient to treat depression in children.

Keyword: Depession, Tyeps, Non pharmacological treatment, Survey data

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RP-HPLC Method Devlopment and Validation of Domperidone in Solid Dosage Form

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue: 4

Author: Sharma Suparna*, Sharma Anuj Kumar, Singh Ompal, Chaturvedi Ashwani Kumar, Verma Vikrant, Arya Rajat Kumar, Singh Umesh Kumar

Abstract: A simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the determination of Domperidone (DOM) in solid dosage forms. The method employed C18 column, water: methanol (55:45) as mobile phase and detection was made at 291nm. The retention times was found to be 4.5 min for DOM. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method shows good linearity, accuracy, and precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification.  The method was suitable for routine analysis of DOM individually and in combined dosage forms.

Keyword: HPLC, Domperidone

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Recent Challenges and Advances in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue: 4

Author: K. P. Sampath Kumar*, Debjit Bhowmik, Shravan Paswan, Shweta Srivastava

Abstract: Ocular drug delivery is one of the most fascinating and challenging tasks facing the Pharmaceutical researchers. One of the major barriers of ocular medication is to obtain and maintain a therapeutic level at the site of action for prolonged period of time. Ocular drug delivery is hampered by the barriers protecting the eye. The bioavailability of the active drug substance is often the major hurdle to overcome. Conventional ocular dosage form,  including eye drops, are no longer sufficient to combat ocular diseases. This article reviews the constraints with conventional ocular therapy, essential factors in ocular pharmacokinetics, and explores various approaches like eye ointments, gel, viscosity enhancers, prodrug, penetration enhancers, microparticles, liposomes, niosomes, ocular inserts, implants, intravitreal injections, nanoparticles, nanosuspension, microemulsion, in situ-forming gel, iontophoresis, and periocular injections to improve the ocular bioavailability of drug and provide continuous and controlled release of the drug to the anterior and posterior chamber of the eye and selected pharmacological future challenges in ophthalmology. In near future, a great deal of attention will be paid to develop noninvasive sustained drug release for both anterior and posterior segment eye disorders. Current momentum in the invention of new drug delivery systems hold a promise toward much improved therapies for the treatment of vision-threatening disorders.

Keyword: Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

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Depression - Symptoms, Causes, Medications and Therapies

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue:3

Author(s): Debjit bhowmik, K.P. Sampath Kumar*, Shweta Srivastava, Shravan Paswan, Amit Sankar Dutta

Abstract: Depression is the most common of the affective disorders; it may range from a very mild condition, bordering on normality, to severe (psychotic) depression accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Worldwide, depression is a major cause of disability and premature death. When the negative reactions to life`s situations become repetitively intense and frequent we develop symptoms of depression. Life throws up innumerable situations, which we greet with both negative and positive emotions such as excitement, frustration, fear, happiness, anger, sadness.  Depression is prevalent among all age groups, in almost all walks of life. Indians are among the world's most depressed. According to a World Health Organization-sponsored study, while around 9% of people in India reported having an extended period of depression within their lifetime, nearly 36% suffered from what is called Major Depressive Episode (MDE).MDE is characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration, besides feeling depressed. Lowest prevalence of MDE was in China (12%). The average age of depression in India is 31.9 years compared to 18.8 years in China, and 22.7 years in the US. The female: male ratio was about 2:1."WHO ranks depression as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide and projects that by 2020, it will be the second leading cause.

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Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablet of Isosorbide -5- Mononitrate by Porous Osmotic Technology

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue:3

Author: Margret chandira*, S. Shanthi, Debjit bhowmik, B.Jayakar, K.P. Sampath Kumar

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to develop sustained release tablet of Isosorbide Mononitrate by porous membrane osmotic technology. The drug is mainly indicated for the treatment of Stable and unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner ratio. The tablets were subjected to thickness, hardness, friability, weight variations, and drug content by assay and in vitro dissolution studies. The drug release from Isosorbide Mononitrate sustained release was carried out in 1.2 N HCl, 4.5 pH acetate buffer and 6.8 pH phosphate buffer for 24hrs. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility index and drug content. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmaceutical properties.  Formulation variables like type (PVP, PEG 4000 and HPMC) and level of pore former (0-55%, w/w of polymer), percent weight gain were found to affect the drug release from the developed formulations.The optimized formulation showed the highest f2 (f2 = 76.4) value. The drug release from the developed formulation was independent of pH and agitational intensity. The similarity factor f2 was applied between the optimized formulation and the theoretical dissolution profile.

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Allergy - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue:3

Author: Debjit bhowmik, K. P. Sampath Kumar*, M. Umadevi

Abstract: An allergic reaction is the body's way of responding to an "invader." When the body senses a foreign substance, called an antigen, the immune system is triggered. The immune system normally protects the body from harmful agents such as bacteria and toxins. Its overreaction to a harmless substance (an allergen) is called a hypersensitivity reaction, or an allergic reaction. Allergy involves an exaggerated response of the immune system. The immune system is the body's organized defense mechanism against foreign invaders, particularly infections. Allergens are substances that are foreign to the body and can cause an allergic reaction. IgE is the allergy antibody. Allergies can develop at any age. Your risk of developing allergies is related to your parents' allergy history. Allergies are your body’s reaction to a substance it views as a harmful ‘invader.’ For example, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, might cause the immune system (the body’s defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens. An "allergic reaction" is way the body responds to the allergen. A chain of events occur that result in an allergic reaction, described here. The first time an allergy-prone person is exposed to a specific allergen (such as pollen), the body responds by producing allergic (IgE) antibodies. The job of these antibodies is to find molecules of the offending substance in the bloodstream and tissues and to escort them to the body’s mast cells (a type of white blood cell) for destruction. As the mast cells destroy the allergens, a chemical called histamine is released into the bloodstream. A large amount of histamine swells body tissues (inflammation), causes itching, enlarges blood vessels, increases secretions, and causes bronchospasm.

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