Chronopharmacology: As A Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Journal: The Pharma Innovation 
Volume: 1
Issue:3

Author: Maurya Krishna, B.C. Semwal, Singh Neelam, Khatoon Ruqsana, Paswan Shravan, Debjit Bhowmik

Abstract: Chronopharmacology is the study of the manner & extent to which the kinetics & dynamics of medication directly affected by endogenous biological rhythm & also how the dosing time of medications affects biological timekeeping & features ( period, level, amplitude & phase ) of biological rhythms. Chronopharmacology includes chronopharmacotherapy, chronopharmacokinetics & Chronotoxity. Chronopharmacotherapy is the investigative science that elucidates the biological rhythm dependencies of medication. It is useful to solve problems of drug optimization i.e. to enhance the desired efficiency or to reduce its undesired effects. So Chronopharmacologic approaches involve a lesser risk of errors and or false information than the conventional homeostatic approach. The effectiveness & toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24 hours rhythm of biochemical , physiological & behavioural process under the control of circadian clock such chronopharmacological phenomenon  are influenced by not only the pharmacokinetics but also pharmacodynamics of medication. Now a day Chronopharmacological principle are used in the therapy of various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, pulmonary embolism etc. blood pressure fluctuates according to the circadian pattern. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure throughout the day and night reveals a pattern with minimum values of systolic & diastolic pressure between midnight & 4 am. Early in the morning B.P begins to rise from the low levels reached during sleep. Increases in blood pressure are accompanied by increase in heart rate caused by the chemical generated by the body & delivered into the blood stream.

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